Run a distributed priority job queue with Redis and Anthropic

Quick overview

This workflow implements a distributed priority job queue in n8n using Redis for storage, lane-based scheduling, and worker wakeups, with optional Anthropic LLM execution and outbound HTTPS calls, plus webhook endpoints for enqueueing jobs, checking queue/job status, and cancelling queued or delayed jobs.

How it works

1. Receives a POST request on the /webhook/queue-enqueue webhook, validates the job (type, priority, payload size, delay, attempts), and generates a job record with a token for deduping and fencing.
2. Checks Redis for an existing job:{jobId} record to make enqueueing idempotent, returning a duplicate response if the job already exists.
3. Stores the job record in Redis with a TTL and either pushes it to queue:scheduled (delayed) or to the appropriate priority lane list (queue:critical, queue:high, queue:normal, queue:low) and publishes a Redis pub/sub notification to wake workers.
4. Wakes workers via a Redis Trigger notification or a 10-second schedule, then polls Redis lanes in priority order (with an anti-starvation rotation every N polls) and atomically pops the next available message.
5. Loads and validates the job record in Redis using the message token, claims the job by writing a lease and registering it in queue:processing, and then executes the handler (Anthropic Messages API for llm, an outbound HTTPS request for http, or a no-op echo for noop).
6. Records the outcome back to Redis only if the worker still holds the lease, then either completes the job, schedules a retry with exponential backoff by pushing to queue:scheduled, or dead-letters it to queue:dead, repeating until the per-run job limit is reached.
7. Runs a 20-second maintenance loop that promotes due scheduled jobs back into their priority lanes and requeues or dead-letters processing jobs whose leases have expired, publishing notifications so workers pick them up.
8. Exposes /webhook/queue-status for queue depth stats or job lookup by jobId, and /webhook/queue-cancel to cancel jobs that are still queued or scheduled.

Setup

1. Add a Redis credential and select it on all Redis and Redis Trigger nodes so the workflow can store job records, manipulate lists, and publish/subscribe to notifications.
2. Add an Anthropic API key as an HTTP Header Auth credential (using the x-api-key header) for the node that executes llm jobs against the Anthropic Messages API.
3. Update the configuration values in the Producer, Worker, and Maintenance configuration steps (lane order, batch sizes, lease/backoff/retention, allowed HTTP hosts, Anthropic API URL, and model catalog/pricing if you use cost tracking).
4. Run n8n in queue mode with one or more workers (for example, EXECUTIONS_MODE=queue and n8n worker --concurrency=...) so the Redis notification trigger runs on the main instance and job executions scale across workers.
5. If you plan to run http jobs, set allowedHttpHosts to the exact hostnames you permit and ensure targets are reachable over HTTPS using only GET/POST as enforced by the workflow.